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CONTENTS 1.       Introduction………………………………………….. 1 2.       Amphibians…………………………………………... 1 3.       Farm pond ecology…………………………………... 2 4.       Habitat requirements for Amphibians……………... 3 5.       Post-breeding habitat use ………………………….... 3 6.       Water Chemistry and Toxicity of Ponds…………… 3 7.       Amphibian Larval …………………………………… 3 8.       Summary……………………………………………… 4 9.       References…………………………………………….. 5 Introduction Constructed farm ponds represent significant breeding, rearing, and over-wintering habitat for amphibians in the Driftless Area Ecoregion of southeastern Minnesota, western Wisconsin, and northeastern Iowa, a landscape where natural wetlands are scarce.Despite intensive agricultural use adjacent to the ponds, these ponds harbor an abundance of frogs and toads The purpose of these farm ponds is to prevent soil erosion and create wildlife habitat, yet no studies have been conducted to determine how the ponds benefit wildlife. Habit

Metamorphosis in Arthropods What are arthropods? An   arthropod   ( arthro- , joint +   podos , foot) is an   invertebrate   animal   having an   exoskeleton , a- segmented   body, and jointed   appendages   (paired appendages). Arthropods form the   phylum   Arthropoda , which includes the insects ,   arachnids ,   myriapods , and   crustaceans . The arthropod   body plan   consists of   segments , each with a pair of appendages . The rigid cuticle inhibits growth, so arthropods replace it periodically by   molting . Their versatility has enabled them to become the most species-rich members of all   ecological guilds   in most environments. They have over a million described species, making up more than 80% of all described living animal species, some of which, unlike most animals, are very successful in dry environments. What is metamorphosis? Metamorphosis   is a biological process by which an animal physically   develops   after   birth   or hatching, involving a consp